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*MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF METRO, LAMPUNG,
INDONESIA
Abstract
The research does in some adolescents in Metro City.
Consisting of ten RISMA as respondents. Qualitative this
research is descriptive in the form of case studies. The sampling technique
used was purposive sampling. The author uses the test documentation and
interviews as methods of data collection and data analysis using the Miles and Huberman models. The research methodology
using the paradigm of qualitative research literature, the design also uses
design library research (library research). The process of accumulation of data
is done by the use of content analysis (content analysis) for further once
collected approached critically with hermeneutic and descriptive methods. The
conclusion of this study is: Muslim personality was also formed through a process
of education which is implemented in schools or non-formal institutions such as
RISMA. The characteristics of someone
who has a personality that is faithful Muslim or has faith in Allah, always
adhering to the virtues and religious orders of Islam and turn away from evil,
morality and sociality high and responsible. Muslim personality as a whole can
be defined as the overall mental and moral attitude of a child who develops as
a result of their interactions with others. Muslim personality was also shaped
by innate factors, the environment, either religious environment, family
environment, natural environment, social environment, and also from the school
environment.
Keywords: Philosophical Concept, Islamic Studies, Teens
1. INTRODUCTION
Teenagers are the future generation
who has the potential vitality. Teenagers are young people who will hold the
baton to enforce and coloring ideals of the nation and religion in the future.
In the search for identity, teenagers often feel upheaval, both with yourself and
those around circumstance, adolescence a time of difficulty sometimes made her
want to be the person who was given the freedom of an adult, but one side of
the teenagers still want to be treated like children children, he has not dared
to bear all of the problems that happen to him like an adult in general.
Nowadays
we find behaviors of adolescents who did not conform with the principles and
teachings of Islam, for example, a lot of teens who often drinking, drugs,
crime and the most severe longer is involved in a crime or free sex, which is
where the behavior or this act is extremely damaging behavior of teenagers
today. If we see a phenomenon that now there will arise the question is how the
concept of Islamic education in fostering adolescent personality, what has been
in accordance with the values contained in the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah and why
the personality of today's youth, why a lot of behavior -prilaku incompatible
with the concept of Islamic education.
Islamic education means an education
system that can give a person's ability to lead their life in accordance with
the ideals and values of Islam that has colored shades of his personality.
Therefore, Islamic education are the subjects Aqeedah of Islam and the teachings of Islam that is easily understood
and implemented. And it is quite clear what is at argued above that Islamic
education is the formation of individual Muslim, Islamic education is one way
to shape a child into a man whose piety and proper morality. So the purpose of
the is aware of education in guiding teens to understand of appreciate and
practice the commendable behavior in their daily lives. And remember it is very
important Islamic education it should be taken on an ongoing basis in
accordance with the ability of these teenagers, so the predicate taqwa will be ingrained in teenagers.
Talking
about education cannot be separated from the Al-Quran and Al-Hadith. As the
hadith below:
. ُلُّ مَوْلُوْدٍ
يُوْلَدُ عَلَى ْالفِطْرَةِ, وَإِنَّمَا أَبَوَاهُ يُهَوَّدَانِهِ َاوْ يُنَصِّرَانِهِ
َاوْيُمَجِسَانِهِ( رواه مسلم)
Meaning: "Every child is born in a
state of nature and his parents will make it Jewish, Christian,
or Zoroastrian.” (HR. Muslim). [1]
From
the Hadith above explained that the child was going to be anything it depends also
on the juvenile's parents, because the parents who will determine the child
became something to be desired. The family or the parents are not in harmony
then it will greatly affect the teen psyche, and its impact would be seriously
for teenagers who start growing, because if he sees a lot of violence in the
family then he will imitate or do that. In addition to family, neighborhood or
community may also be a cause for the outbreak of juvenile delinquency,
particularly communities that lack to implement the teachings of their
religion. In the religious teachings are many things that can help the
development of children in general and youth in particular. But follow-action
community as members of society are sometimes contrary to the norms of religion
in their daily lives, then people who are less religious are a source of crime
such as violence, extortion, robbery and so on. Such behavior would easily
affect teenagers who are in development.
Based
on the description of the background of the problem, the authors will focus on
research that is how the personality of young people in the Islamic educational
perspective. In connection with the extent of the problem, then it should have
been the authors conducted limitations problem as follows: Personality adolescents
in Islamic education and coaching personalities referred to in this research is
personality development for young people in the Islamic perspective.
Based
on the background of the research problem, the focus of this research is
"How can a philosophical review of Islamic education to young people in Metro City?”
The purpose of this research was to determine how the philosophical review of
Islamic education to young people in Metro
City. The results of this
study are expected to provide benefits both theoretically and practically,
which is as follows: In theoritecally results of this research may contribute
to the development of Islamic education, especially science education; In
practical terms the results of this research may provide insight to policy makers
in education, students, and youth on the importance of Islamic education for
the development of scientific studies in Indonesia.
2. RESULT
AND DISCUSSION
2.1 Personality
of Teens
2.1.1 Definition
of Personality
Personality according to the Dictionary of
the Indonesian is "intrinsic nature which is reflected in the attitude of
a person or a nation that sets it apart from other people or other
nations." [2] Personality is the nature or character of
every person and the character too, which will be owned by teenagers, and
therefore how can direct how the adolescent personality in order not to
adolescent one step that will greatly affect the personality of the juvenile is
a person who their beside and around the teens themselves as parents, friends,
school, and neighborhood.
Dictionary of English personality called
"Personality".[3] Which comes from the Latin personal meaning guise or
"mask". [4] Namely the front cover and is often used by players
stage meant to describe the behavior, character or one's personal.
Sigmund Freud was the one who discovered
the theory of psychoanalysis while according to Freud "personality is the
integration of the id, ego, and super ego" three systems are seen as
elements separate, but a name for a variety of psychological processes that have
system principles different. These three systems work together as a team which
is governed by ego and is driven by libido.
Therefore, the essence of personality is the integration, several specific
personality system. "Id" a
biological component of personality, "ego" as a component of
psychological personality and "super ego" as a sociological
component.
Personality
is a psychophysical system that determines the behavior and thoughts of
individuals are typical for his personality is something unique and
characteristic peculiarities of personality as a person. Because here's
personality is very important or necessary in this case to educators as
educators must have or understand the personality of a person because it would
help deliver the potential of students become a better person and perfect.
The
various opinions on the above, it is understood that the definition of
personality is a human nature either physical or psychological, that
distinguish between one human and the other human beings, which is formed as a
result of interaction with the environment, or lifestyle actions that exist
within oneself be it mental activities as well as the philosophy of life and
belief showed devotion to Allah SWT and can distinguish between himself and
others.
2.1.2 Factors
Affecting Personality
Personality was developed and experienced
changes in its development but it then forming patterns that remain unique, so
are the traits that are unique to each individual, the factors that affect the
personality according to M.
Ngalim Purwanto
can be divided as follows: (a ) Biological factors (b) Social factors and (c)
factors Culture. [5] On the other hands according H.Syamsu LN
Yusuf. In the mentioned factors affecting personality is: (a) Physical, (b)
Intelligence, (c) Family, (d) Peer, (e) of Culture.
2.1.3 Teen
and Development
2.1.3.1 Definition
of Teen
Teens are a period where some experts are
defined as a transition children but not the adult child. Zakia Daradjat
members sense that "adolescence is a period of transition between
childhood to adults, where children experiencing rapid growth in all areas.
They are no longer children, well-shaped body, attitude, way of thinking and
acting, not the adults who have matured; this period began approximately at the
age of 13 years and last approximately from 21 years ". Meanwhile Hunlock
give the age range of adolescents in their teens at the age of 13-21 were Zakia Daradjat
found as adolescence or in a transitional period at the start approximately at
the age of 13 years and ended approximately 21 years of age.
2.1.3.2 Characteristics
of Teen
Generally
adolescence is divided into three parts, as follows: Early adolescence (12-15):
At this time people began to abandon the role of children and trying to develop
they as a unique individual and not dependent on parents, the focus of this
stage is the acceptance of the form of
physical conditions and their strong conformity with peers; Middle adolescence
(15-18): This period is characterized by its development capability of
thinking. Peer still has an important role, but the individual was more
self-directed (self-directed). At this time began to develop maturity
adolescent behavior, learn to control impulsivity, and make decisions relating
to the initial vocational objectives to be achieved. Besides the reception of
the opposite sex to be important for the individual; Late Adolescence (19-22):
Adolescence is marked by the final preparations for entering the adult roles.
During this period adolescents are trying to consolidate and develop the
vocational objectives sense of personal identity. A strong desire to be mature
and be accepted in a group of peers and adults is also a characteristic of this
stage. [7]
2.1.3.3 Needs
of Adolescents
In a book entitled Sofyan S.Willis
teenagers and the problems here explained that there are three needs of
adolescents, namely:
Biological
needs, often also said to
need "psychological drive" or "biological motivation",
understanding the needs or motives is every reason that encourage the creatures
to behave achieve something desirable or in the heading (goal). Biological
needs (biological motif) motif is derived from the biological drives. This
motif has been taken since birth, so learned, can be said that the motive of
this biological instinctive (instinctive). Motif biology is equally shared by
all creatures of God such as hunger, thirst, breathing, drowsiness, sex drive.
Motif biology is universal, meaning that possessed by humans and animals. And
for the more obvious biological motif is divided into 2 parts: Motif to eat,
drink, breathes and rest and sex drive (sex motif). The damaging irregularities
occurring teens, the necessary sex education (sex education) a systematic and
focused and age-appropriate materials development.
Psychological needs is all psychological impulse that causes
people to act to achieve its objectives, this individual needs, including
psychological needs: the religious needs and security needs.
Social needs are needs that relate to others or inflicted by other
people / things outside themselves. This needs a lot of among other things: the
need to be known; needs groups; habit (habits); adjustment in the family;
adjustment in school; adaption of themselves in society. [8]
According to Mohammad Ali and Mohammad Asrori
explained that there are a number of major needs teens is important to be met,
namely: the need for love; the need for participation and accepted within the
group; the need for stand-alone; need for achievement; the need for recognition
from others; needs to be appreciated; and the need to obtain a whole philosophy
of life.
2.2 Islamic
Education
2.2.1 Definition
of Islamic Education
To get a clear understanding of Islamic
education is first necessary to understand the sense of general education.
According to Arief
Armei "Education is a
conscious effort and clearly has a purpose, which is expected in practice he
does not lose direction and footing". While education by Marimba is
guidance or leadership consciously by educators against the physical and
spiritual growth of the students towards the establishment of a major
personality. [9]
From the opinions of experts education
above, it can be an understanding that education is a process of value
investment deliberate and conscious to help the students in order to develop
(mature) physical, and moral sense. So as to achieve its purpose as a human
quality, both as individuals and in community life.
Then, according to the law No. 20 In 2003, the education
system of the National Chapter II, Article 3, which reads: National Education
serves to develop the ability and character development and civilization of the
nation's dignity in the context of the intellectual life of the nation, aims to
develop students' potentials to become a man of faith and devoted to God
Almighty, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent, and
become citizens of a democratic and accountable. [10]
Thus it is clear that education is carried
out by the organization of institutions should be able to develop all fields,
both intellectual and spiritual (religious intelligence). Because education is
an integral part of life and the life of mankind and is a never-ending process
to obtain it.
In the context of Islam, the term education
is more widely known by using: Al-Ta'lim,
Al-Tarbiyah and Al-Ta'dib. The
word Al-Ta'lim a masdar of the word,
which means teaching that, is the provision or delivery of knowledge,
understanding and skills. [11] The word Al-Tarbiyah is masdar of rabba word that
means caring for, educating and nurturing. While the word Al-Tadib is masdar of addaba
word, which means the process of educating that is more focused on the
development and refinement of morals or manners of learners, the orientation of
the Koran says. Al-Ta'dib focused on
the efforts to establish the individual Muslim morality.
Based on some of the term (Al-Ta'lim, Al-Tarbiyah and Al-ta'dib) experts tried definition of
Islamic Education Islamic Education as follows:
M. Arifin said that the Islamic Education is
"Enterprises adults pious Muslims who consciously direct and guide the
growth and development of the fitrah (basic proficiency) students through the
rules of Islam toward the point of maximum growth and development [12].”
The foregoing convey the same disclosed by
Bukhari Umar that "Islamic Education is a process of transformation and
internalization of knowledge and values to the students themselves through the
growth and development of the potential of nature to achieve harmony and
perfection of life in all its aspects [13]."
While Zakiah
Daradjat defines that:
"Education is the establishment of Islam that Muslim personality [14]."
From some sense, it can be taken notion
that Islamic education is an educator efforts to shape the character of
students to conform to the Quran and Sunnah (in accordance with the teachings
of Islam).
2.2.2 Basic
of Islamic Education
Each activity is intended to achieve the
objectives to be achieved must have a foundation or basis for a strong
foothold. The objectives can be achieved with good, and then we need a
guideline that can be used to prosecute on its accomplishment. Within a basic
set of human activities are always guided by the views of life and the basic
laws which it adheres. If the view of life and the basic laws adopted different
humans, it is different also the basis and purpose of the activity.
Basic is the foundation for the
establishment of something. The basic function is to provide direction to the
objectives to be achieved and at the same time as the foundation for the
establishment of something. Each state has its own basic education. It is a
reflection of the philosophy of life of a nation. Based on the basic education
of a nation that is prepared. And therefore the education systems of each
nation is different because they have a different philosophy of life. [15]
Likewise in the activities of Islamic
Education, Islamic Education to achieve the purpose, shall be guided by or
based on a solid footing and strong so that the goal can be achieved with the
maximum.
Basic Islamic Education was another case on
the basis of Islam is the Qur'an, Sunnah and Ijtihad. As has been stated
several experts including:
Every business, activities and deliberate
action to achieve a goal must have a foundation footing good and strong.
Therefore, Islamic education as a form of human effort, must have a foundation
to which all activities and all the formulation of educational goals of Islam
is connected. The cornerstone was composed of Al-Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad that can
be developed with ijtihad, al maslahah al mursalah, istihsan, qiyas and so
forth. [16] Meanwhile, according to Ramayulis slightly different from the views
expressed by Zakiyah Darajad, he argued that the Basic Education Islam can be
divided into three categories: (1) Basic Principles, (2) Basic Supplement, and
(3) Basic Operations. Fundamental basis consisting of: Al-Qur'an and Sunnah.
The two opinions mentioned above, it can be
a statement that the basic Islamic education was essentially based on the
Qur'an, Sunnah and Ijtihad. As for the other basics that can be used when there
is a basic conflict with the Qur'an, Sunnah and Ijthad.
2.2.3 The
Aim of Islamic Education
Islamic education objectives to be achieved
by a person or group of persons who perform an activity. Because the goal of
Islamic education is an arrangement that will be achieved by a person or group
doing Islamic education. According to Al-Abrasyi, Islamic education objectives
are: To organize the formation of a noble character to the Muslims of the past
and present; Preparation for the life of the world and the hereafter;
Preparations to seek good luck and maintain in terms of benefits or more
powerful by the name professionalism; Cultivating scientific spirit to the
students and formulate the want to know and allows him to examine the science
itself; Preparing students in terms of professionals in order to master certain
professions in order to seek good luck in life in addition to maintaining the
spiritual aspect.
[17]
According to An-Nahlawi Abdurahman Islamic
educational goals there are 4: education intellect and prepare the mind, God
gave reflected on the heavens and the earth to be faithful; Cultivate the
potential and talents of origin of the child; Paying attention to the strength
and potential of young people and educate them as good men and women; Strive to
develop all the potential and human talent. [18]
Abdurrahman Saleh Abdullah said in his book
"Educational Theory a Quarians Outlook" that Islamic education seeks
to shape the personality as the Caliph of Allah or at least prepare the beaten
path refers to the final destination, the main purpose of the caliph of God is
to believe in Allah and the subject and obedient in total to her. [19] More details Fadlil Al-Jamaly, formulate the goals of
Islamic education in more detail as follows: Knowing people will role of
amongst (creature) and his individual responsibility in this life; Introduce
human social interaction and responsibility in the governance of social life;
Introduce human and teach them to know the wisdom of creation as well as giving
them the possibility to take advantage of such nature; Introduce human of this
universe (God) commanded to worship him. [20]
3.
KIND OF RESEARCH
This type of research is the research
library (library research) is research to description is a qualitative
research, "qualitative research is: a study seeking to express a holistic
phenomenon by describing through non numbering language in context and
paradigms" [21].
So in this study the authors
tried to reveal the phenomenon through data provided in the form of language
and words and actions contained in the books in the library.
3.1 Data Source
The source of data used by the writer is
twofold: Primary Sources; and Secondary Sources.
3.2 Technique of Analysing Data
The process of accumulation of data is done by the use
of content analysis (content analysis) for further once collected approached
critically with hermeneutic and descriptive methods. It is hoped the data
collected can be reduced and be carefully interpreted in making conclusions are
not merely descriptive, but are also presented in a critical format. The
hermeneutic method used in interpreting the data collected is philosophical
hermeneutics [22] i.e. a process of interpretation that seeks to produce
a new meaning and is not to reproduce the initial meaning. As revealed by
Mukhtar Hadi according to one of the crucial offered by hermeneutic method is
that the interpretation or the interpretation of the text does not merely
reproduce the meaning but also produce new meanings in the face of community
dynamics. Fawaizul Umam interpret as an attempt hermeneutic process of
interpretation that does not mean taking the original meaning that laid the
author (the author) into the text (the text) made, but featuring a new meaning
corresponding to the current condition interpreter (the reader). [23]
4.
CONCLUSION
Based on the descriptions that have been
the writer suggested in previous chapters then one can draw a conclusion as
follows: Islamic Education is one concept of the formation of one's personal
teenagers are private moslem people who is able to interact with the community
with the norms and values to Moslem. Islamic education is also a determinant of
how nature and human behavior and how to interact with the surrounding
environment. And in order to have a strong faith in Allah, in order to avoid
negative actions. To always execute the command and away from the prohibition
of Allah and to become a teenager who was good morals; Muslim personality also
formed through a process of education which is implemented in schools. The
process is the implementation of the curriculum, the use of the right strategy,
and the presence of a teacher who always make himself as role models for their
students; The characteristics of someone who has a personality that is faithful
Muslim or have faith in Allah, always adhering to the virtues and religious
orders of Islam and turn away from evil, morality and sociality high and
responsible; Muslim personality as a whole can be defined as the overall mental
and moral attitude of a child who develops as a result of interactions with
others; and Personality Muslims are also formed by factors of nature, the
environment, either religious environment, family environment, natural
environment, social environment, and also from the school environment.
Because of the importance of parents' role
in shaping the personality or fostering a teenager so have Muslim personality,
the authors say a few suggestions through this thesis is as follows:
a.
In
order to obtain a perfect private, then form a Muslim personality that early on
is to introduce God to him.
b.
To
parents to always keep their students to have a perfect private, by giving a
good example. Do not become educators who provide advice but do not execute
c.
Maintain
individual Muslim who had been possessed by ma'ruf
and forbidding the evil is also always respect the higher and lower appreciate.
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[12] M. Arifin, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
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[13] Bukhari Umar, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, (Jakarta :
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Aksara, 2008), h. 28.
[15] Ramayulis, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, (Jakarta :
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Al-Abrasyi, Dasar-dasar Pokok Pendidikan
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[20] Abdul Hakim Soebahar, wawasan Baru Pendidikan Islam, (Jakarta : Kalam Mulia, 2002, h.
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[21] Tim Penyusun, Pedoman
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[22] Mukhtar Hadi, Hermeneutika
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[23] Fawaizul Umam, Paradigma Teologi Pembebasan: Suatu Upaya
Reformulasi Teologi Islam, Antologi Tesis, tp., ttp., tt. h. 9
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